The Merowe Dam, built along the Nile River in Sudan, is the largest hydroelectric project in Africa. River diversion began in 2004, with construction finishing in 2009. Upon completion, the dam doubled Sudan’s electricity supply. As the dam backed up and expanded the flow of the river into a reservoir, the surface area of the Nile increased roughly 270 square miles (699 sq. km) and displaced 70,000 indigenous people who relied on the land for farming. Because of the warm climate in the region, combined with this increase in surface area, the reservoir is now experiencing evaporation losses of 396.3 billion gallons (1.5 billion cubic m) of water every year, roughly 8% of the water allocated to Sudan from the 1959 Nile Waters Treaty.
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Source imagery: NASA / Google Timelapse
Merowe Dam